ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช “1325 ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”” – ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™

ื”ืจืฆืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:

ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืย –ย ืžื‘ื•ื ืงืฆืจ ืœืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช, ืคืขืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชื•ื“ืขื” /ย ื“”ืจ ื™ืืœื™ ื”ืฉืืฉ โ€“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžืจืฆื” ืœืžื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืฉื” ืœืืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”. ืคืขื™ืœื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช

ืจืืฉื™ืชย ื ืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื•. ืžื” ื–ื” ื ืฉื™ื? ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื? ืื™ืš ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”?

ื ืฉื™ื: ืกื•ื’’ื•ืจื ืจ ื˜ืจื•ืก (Sojourner Truth) ืืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื“ืชื™ื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘.
ืกื•ื’’ื•ืจื ืจ ื˜ืจื•ืก ื”ืคื›ื” ืžืžื˜ื™ืคื” ืื•ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1844 ื ืฉืื” ืืช ื ืื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื‘-1845 ื ืฉืื” ื ืื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1851 ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืžืกืข ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื””ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื“ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืžืื™ 1851 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืงืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ื ืื•ืžื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. (“ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉื”?”)
“That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody helps me into carriagesโ€ฆand ain’t I a woman?…I have plowed, and plantedโ€ฆand ain’t I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a manโ€ฆand ain’t I a woman?…”
“ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ืจื›ืจื•ืช. ืœื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืจื›ืจื•ืช. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉื”? ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื™… ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉื”? ื—ืจืฉืชื™ ื•ื–ืจืขืชื™ ื”ืื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืืฉื”? ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจ, ื”ืื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืืฉื”?…”
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœ ‘ืœื ืืฉื”’ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ‘ืืฉื”’ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”? ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช: ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžืขืžื“.
ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื”ื’ื–ืข ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืจ.
ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช. ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื›ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ? ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืฉืœื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื ืื™ื ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืฉื” ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื?
ืฉืœื•ื: ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื™ื”ื• ืื–ืจื—. ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื”ื• ืื–ืจื— ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืกืกืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื’ื–ืข ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”? ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคืจื™ื‘ืœื™ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื–ื” ื™ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื™.
ื›ืฉืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื–ืขื ื™, ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™.
ื•ื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืจืŸ ื–”ืœ: ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜.
ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ืื” ืืฉื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช: ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืืฉื” ื ืื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืฉืœื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื‘ืœื™ื’ื™ื•ืช.
ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืžื“ื™. ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ืžื•ืชืื ืœืื™ืš ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืžืจืื” ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื. ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ื™. ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืขืžื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืจืง ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™.
ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™. ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™. ืœืžืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื“ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ? ื”ืงืฉืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื ืื‘ืงื” ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช.
ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™.
ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื— ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’. ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื? ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ื–ื” ืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื? ืœื“ืขืชืŸ ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื ืœืœื ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื. ืฉื›ืฉื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืกื’ืจื• ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืื‘ื“ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืจื ืกื”. ืžืื‘ืง ืœืฉืœื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื™ืื• ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื.
ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ”ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื. ืœื“ืขืชื ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฉืœื•ื ืื ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื ื™ืื• ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื ืœืžื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื ื• ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื‘ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืžืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœื•ื.
ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”. ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืคืจ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื•ืœื™ื, ืชืขื‘ืจื™ ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืขืžื“ื™. ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืขืžื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืฉืœื•ื? ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืฉืœื•ื?
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ: ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืก. ื–ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ? ื–ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžืฉืœืžืช ืžืก ืœืžื˜ืคืœืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื ื’ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืชื”ื ื” ืžื–ื”? ืœื. ื”ื ื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืคืขืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ืœืžื˜ืคืœืช. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื, ืžืขืžื“ื™ื, ื–ื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
ื›ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืžืง. ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจื–ื”…
ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
1. ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื. ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื• ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื“ื™ืช. ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ืชื•ืจืžืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืคื™ืœื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ื ื‘ื ื” ื›ืžืกื•ืจืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื “ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืŸ.” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจืช ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื“.ื .ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ 500 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื. ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”. ืื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืข ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืคื”ื™ ื ื•ื›ื—ืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืืคืฉืจื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื“ื›ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช. ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฆืžื— ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“.
2. ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช:
ืœื™ ื›ืคืจื™ื‘ืœื’ื™ืช, ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ื›”ื› ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš?
1. ืœืžื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื? ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
2. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
3. ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”?
4. ืื™ืš ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืคืฆื— ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื—ืœืฉ ื•ืžืกื›ืŸ ืœื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—? ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”? ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”
5. ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืฉืœื•ื. ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”? ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ืœืง ืžืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ ื›ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•
6. ืื™ืš ืืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืกื•ื ื ืก ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ?
7. ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื•ื™. ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืขืจื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื?
8. ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืœืžืช ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช:
1.ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื–ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื™. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช. ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืžื“ืช, ืžืชื™ืฉื”, ืงืฆืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ื ืก ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช… ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืง, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื‘ืœื’ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืจืง ืื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•. ื›ืฉื•ื™ืงื™ ื›ื ืคื• ืฆืขื“ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืชืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืชื ื”. ื›ืฉืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืกืชื›ื ืช ื‘ืœื”ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžืื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืื‘ืงื• ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคืŸ.
2. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”? ื”ืื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืื ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืืŸ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช? ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
3. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืœืžื“ืช. ื–ื• ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช: ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื–ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื• ื•ืืžืจื• ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™, ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœื ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื™ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. ืืฃ ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืื—ืช ืžืžืขืžื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™. ื”ื”ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืืช ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš. ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื™.
4. ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”. ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘-500 ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœื ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืชืคื™ืกื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืžื“ื”. ื›ืŸ. ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืžืจ ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืชื—ื–ืง ืžื™ืงื•ื. ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื“. ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
5. ืื™ืš ืžืคืฆื—ื™ื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื—ื™ื’’ืื‘. ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืืฉื” ืขื ื—ื™ื’’ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™. ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•. ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื™ื” ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•. ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื›ืคื—ื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉืžืงื ื” ืœื™ ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืžืช ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืืŸ. ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืฆื“ืงื”. ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ
6. ืื™ืš ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ. ื ืฉื™ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื•ืช. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“. ืœื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ื ”ืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช. ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืืคืก. ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื–ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืฉืื‘. ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ.
7. ืฉืืœืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ? ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืชื™ืจื™ื: ืงื•ืคืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืงื”…ื–ืžืŸ: ืžืฉืืœื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช: ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืจื›ื–. ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื” ืฉืืœื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช. ื™ืฉ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื™ื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืงื”. ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื” ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื’ื™ืœ 3. ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ืคืื™ื! ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
8. ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช. ืื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ. ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช
9. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื’ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืืชืŸ ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืฉืœื•ื. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืืœื ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื•ืื™ื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื”ื™ืขืฆืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื’ื‘ืจื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื™ืฆื˜ืžืฆื.

ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉื ื™ื”:

“ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืžืืœื ื™ืช, ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื” ืจืข ื‘ื–ื”?” –ย ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™, ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžืชื— ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื /ย ื—”ื› ืขืื™ื“ื” ืชื•ืžื ืกืœื™ืžืŸย – ื—”ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืชย ื™ื•”ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช 20

ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืื™, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืืฉื”. ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืกืžื™ื.

ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”. ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืืฉื” ืขืจื‘ื™ื”. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ืชืงืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจื™… ืœื ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื›”ื› ืจื—ื•ืง. ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืคืชืื•ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•”ืจ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข.ย  ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ืกื‘ืš ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื. ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”. ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ืขื ืžื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™/ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•”ืจ. ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™. ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™. ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™. ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื. ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืงื—ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืžื”ืงืฆื” ืงืฆื” ื•ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืจื›ื–. ืœื›ื™ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช. ืœื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืœื ื–ื”ื™ื. ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ื–ื. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ‘ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื’ ื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืœื›ื“ ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ืช ืืชืš.

ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืœื ย ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื’ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืฉื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื. ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื›ื ืกืช ื›ืืฉื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื–ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™. ื›ื™ ืื ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื–ื• ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืขื ื ืฉื™ื. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื•ื“ืจ.

ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ืขื ืืžื™ืจื”: ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ / ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ย (ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื, ื‘ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™). ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื•ืื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื–ื” ืขืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื“ ืžืืชื’ืจืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ื ืจืฉืžื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ย ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืชืช ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืื– ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื”, ืื– ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืืžืจื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื•”ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื”. ื–ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื–ืœื–ืœืช ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื””ืื‘ืŸ” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ืช ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื•. ื–ื• ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ืœืžื” ืœื, ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›”ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื”. ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื–ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื.

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืืžืชื™ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื’ื ื•. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื’ื ืœื“ืจื•ืก ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื— ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื. ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคืชื— ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”: ื ืฉื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืœื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืคืœืช. ื›ืžื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™. ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•”ืจ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืื™ืš ืืจื’ื ืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื—”ื› ืฉ”ืก ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื” ืœืš ื•ืœืžืงื•ื•ื”? ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื–ื” ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื” ืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”? ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื”: ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืืฉื‘ ืฉื ื•ืืœืžื“. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”? ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.. ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืืฉื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื›ืืช. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืืื™ื“ื” ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืืœื•? ื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืช? ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ? ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื“ ืžืืชื ื•? ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ. ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื”, ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืืชื’ืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื‘ืŸ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื“ื•ื•ืช. ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื

ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ืจืฆื— ื ืฉื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงืฆื‘ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื ื’ื“ ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช. ืื ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™… ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืืคืงืชื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืื—ืช ื”ื—”ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจืฆื— ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืช.

ื ื•ืฉื ืžืืชื’ืจ: 1325, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืงื™ื“ืžืชื™ ืกืงืจ ื“ืขืช ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืฉื ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืขื•ื“. ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืจ ืกืขืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื’ืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ืœืชื™.

ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ื”ืจื—ืงื”, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื˜ืŸ. ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ื“ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืžืฆื•ืช. ืื—ืช ื”ื—”ื›ื™ื•ืช ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืœื ื ื•ื”ืœ ืืฃ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ย ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืชื ืžื™ื›ื™ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ. ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืจื‘ืชื™, ื–ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื–ื. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ย ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ? ืœืžื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื”? ื•ืœื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื–ืžืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืื’’ื ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ื“ืง. ื•ืื—”ื› ื›ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•. (ื–ื• ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ย ื’ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.).

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช:

  1. ื ืขืžื™ ืจื’ื‘ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ืœืช. ืžืจืฉื™ื. ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื›ื ืกืช ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ืš, ืžื” ืืช ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœื ื• ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
  • – ืœืชืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื’’ื ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื”ย  ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื–ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื. ืœืฉื™ื ืื–ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื—ืง. ืื™ืชื•ืช ืœืืฉื” ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื”. ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜. ื”ืื–ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ. ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื” ื•ืื ืืชืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื’ื ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ืฉื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื ืกืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืชืŸ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
  1. ืขืœื™ืกื” ืขืฉืช: ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”. ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ื. ืืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืืฉื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืฉืืช ื›ื™ื•”ืจ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืชื”ื™ื™ ืืชืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื”.
  • – ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื–ื ื•ืฆื‘ื. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช. ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคืขืœื• ื ื’ื“ ืขื ืื—ืจ. ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืื– ื”ืŸ ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื ื”ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืช ืงืจื‘ื™. ืื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื’ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™, ืื– ืฉืื ื™ ืืื‘ืง ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื? ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื’ื“ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื™. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืจื””ื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ืขืžื“ื”. ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื ื’ื“ืช ืœื”ื.ย  ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื›ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืช. ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ื—ืฆืชื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืก ืžื™ืœืจ.
  1. ื”ืื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช?
  • – ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ืื” ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื–ื” ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืืชืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืœื™ืื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  1. ืื™ืš ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืกื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื›”ื› ืฉื•ื ื•ืช?
  • – ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“, ื•ืœื ืžืคืœื’ื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—. ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืขื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืœื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขื ื—”ื› ืžืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื“ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกืชื” ื ื’ื“ื™ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืœื””ื˜ื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื™ืขืชื™.
  1. ืื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉืชืคืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืš?
  • – ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉืง ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ืช. ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ื ืกืช. ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™. ื›ืŸ ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืžืชื‘ืงืฉ.
  1. ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื”? ืื ืœื ืื™ื–ื• ื•ืขื“ื” ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœื™?
  • – ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืชื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืกื“ืจืช ืฉืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื™. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื™. ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื” ื“ืคื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืชืช ืฉื™ืžืจื—ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•”ืจ ื•ืขื“ื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื—”ื›ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืคื—ืช ื•ื’ื ื—”ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื›ื” ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ืื ื™ืชื ื•.. ื•ืžื” ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืชื—ืœื™ื˜.
  1. ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื” ื ืจืื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช?
  • – ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—”ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื—ื›ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื›ืŸ. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืืฉื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืื ื”ืฉื™ื— ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื™ื— ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™, ืื• ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.